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Haematologica Nov 2011Umbilical cord blood transplantation from HLA-identical siblings provides good results in children. These results support targeted efforts to bank family cord blood... (Review)
Review
Umbilical cord blood transplantation from HLA-identical siblings provides good results in children. These results support targeted efforts to bank family cord blood units that can be used for a sibling diagnosed with a disease which can be cured by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or for research that investigates the use of allogeneic or autologous cord blood cells. Over 500 patients transplanted with related cord blood units have been reported to the Eurocord registry with a 4-year overall survival of 91% for patients with non-malignant diseases and 56% for patients with malignant diseases. Main hematologic indications in children are leukemia, hemoglobinopathies or inherited hematologic, immunological or metabolic disorders. However, family-directed cord blood banking is not widely promoted; many cord blood units used in sibling transplantation have been obtained from private banks that do not meet the necessary criteria required to store these units. Marketing by private banks who predominantly store autologous cord blood units has created public confusion. There are very few current validated indications for autologous storage but some new indications might appear in the future. Little effort is devoted to provide unbiased information and to educate the public as to the distinction between the different types of banking, economic models and standards involved in such programs. In order to provide a better service for families in need, directed-family cord blood banking activities should be encouraged and closely monitored with common standards, and better information on current and future indications should be made available.
Topics: Blood Banks; Blood Preservation; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Europe; Female; Fetal Blood; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Registries; Siblings; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous; Blood Banking
PubMed: 21750089
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.047050 -
PloS One 2022Acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH), as a blood-conservation technique, avoids the need for allogeneic blood transfusions. The historic practice of cold-storing...
BACKGROUND
Acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH), as a blood-conservation technique, avoids the need for allogeneic blood transfusions. The historic practice of cold-storing type-O whole blood (WB) in military fields popularised the transfusion of refrigerated WB to treat acute bleeding. In this study, we compared the effects of room temperature (RT) and refrigeration up to 24 hours on the coagulation properties of WB for ANH.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Each WB sample, collected from 12 male volunteers, was divided into two parts, one stored at RT and the other refrigerated for 24 hours. Complete blood counts (CBC), blood gas levels, and coagulation profiles were measured, and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) measurements were performed at the initial collection time point (baseline) and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after initial collection.
RESULTS
The preservation of platelet aggregation response induced by arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate was better in cold-stored WB compared to that in RT-stored WB. The platelet aggregation response induced by thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 was significantly decreased in all samples after 24 hours of storage when compared with that at baseline. The lactate levels in WB stored at RT increased significantly after 6 hours of storage compared to that of cold-stored samples. There were no significant differences in CBC, coagulation parameters, and ROTEM variables between the cold-stored and RT-stored WB samples.
CONCLUSION
WB for ANH stored in the refrigerator showed better metabolic characteristics after 6 hours of storage and better aggregation response after 12 hours of storage than WB stored at RT.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Blood Preservation; Cold Temperature; Hemodilution; Hemostasis; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Temperature
PubMed: 35560137
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267980 -
BioMed Research International 2015Red blood cells undergo a series of biochemical fluctuations during 35-42-day storage period at 1°C to 6°C. The sodium/potassium pump is immobilised causing a decrease... (Review)
Review
Red blood cells undergo a series of biochemical fluctuations during 35-42-day storage period at 1°C to 6°C. The sodium/potassium pump is immobilised causing a decrease in intracellular potassium with an increase in cytoplasmic sodium levels, glucose levels decline, and acidosis occurs as a result of low pH levels. The frailty of stored erythrocytes triggers the formation of haemoglobin-containing microparticles and the release of cell-free haemoglobin which may add to transfusion difficulties. Lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress to band 3 structures, and other morphological and structural molecular changes also occur leading to spheroechinocytes and osmotic fragility. These changes that transpire in the red cells during the storage period are referred to as "storage lesions." It is well documented that gamma irradiation exacerbates storage lesions and the reports of increased potassium levels leading to adverse reactions observed in neonates and infants have been of particular concern. There are, however, remarkably few systematic studies comparing the in vitro storage lesions of irradiated and nonirradiated red cell concentrates and it has been suggested that the impact of storage lesions on leucocyte reduced red blood cell concentrate (RBCC) is incomplete. The review examines storage lesions in red blood cells and their adverse effects in reference to blood transfusion.
Topics: Animals; Blood Preservation; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Humans; Radiation Dosage; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 25710038
DOI: 10.1155/2015/968302 -
British Journal of Haematology Apr 2014Red blood cells (RBCs) degrade progressively during the weeks of refrigerated storage. No universally accepted definition of 'fresh' or 'old' RBCs exists. While... (Review)
Review
Red blood cells (RBCs) degrade progressively during the weeks of refrigerated storage. No universally accepted definition of 'fresh' or 'old' RBCs exists. While practices vary from country to country, preservative solutions permitting shelf life as long as 7 weeks have been licenced. Transfusion of stored RBCs, particularly those at the end of the approved shelf life, has been implicated in adverse clinical outcomes. The results of observational analyses, animal models and studies in volunteers have proved provocative, controversial and contradictory. A recently completed randomized controlled trial (RCT) in premature infants exemplifies the difficulties with moderately sized clinical studies. Several other RCTs are in progress. The effect of RBC storage may well vary according to the clinical setting. Resolution of the importance of the storage lesion may require large pragmatic clinical trials. In the meantime, institutions involved in blood collection and transfusion should explore strategies that assure blood availability, while limiting the use of the oldest RBCs currently approved by regulation.
Topics: Animals; Blood Preservation; Blood Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research Design; Time Factors
PubMed: 24460532
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12747 -
PloS One 2019Gene expression profiling using blood samples is a valuable tool for biomarker discovery in clinical studies. Different whole blood RNA collection and processing methods...
Gene expression profiling using blood samples is a valuable tool for biomarker discovery in clinical studies. Different whole blood RNA collection and processing methods are highly variable and might confound comparisons of results across studies. The main aim of the current study is to compare how blood storage, extraction methodologies, and the blood components themselves may influence gene expression profiling. Whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected in triplicate from five healthy donors. Whole blood was collected in RNAgard® and PAXgene® Blood RNA Tubes, as well as in collection tubes with anticoagulants such as dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K2EDTA) and Acid Citrate Dextrose Solution A (ACD-A). PBMCs were separated using sodium citrate Cell Preparation Tubes (CPT™), FICOLL™, magnetic separation, and the LeukoLOCK™ methods. After blood collection, the LeukoLOCK™, K2EDTA and ACD-A blood tubes were shipped overnight using cold conditions and samples from the rest of the collection were immediately frozen with or without pre-processing. The RNA was isolated from whole blood and PBMCs using a total of 10 different experimental conditions employing several widely utilized RNA isolation methods. The RNA quality was assessed by RNA Integrity Number (RIN), which showed that all PBMC procedures had the highest RIN values when blood was stabilized in TRIzol® Reagent before RNA extraction. Initial data analysis showed that human blood stored and shipped at 4°C overnight performed equally well when checked for quality using RNA integrity number when compared to frozen stabilized blood. Comparisons within and across donor/method replicates showed signal-to-noise patterns which were not captured by RIN value alone. Pathway analysis using the top 1000 false discovery rate (FDR) corrected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed frozen vs. cold shipping conditions greatly impacted gene expression patterns in whole blood. However, the top 1000 FDR corrected DEGs from PBMCs preserved after frozen vs. cold shipping conditions (LeukoLOCK™ preserved in RNAlater®) revealed no significantly affected pathways. Our results provide novel insight into how RNA isolation, various storage, handling, and processing methodologies can influence RNA quality and apparent gene expression using blood samples. Careful consideration is necessary to avoid bias resulting from downstream processing. Better characterization of the effects of collection method idiosyncrasies will facilitate further research in understanding the effect of gene expression variability in human sample types.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Blood Preservation; Blood Specimen Collection; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Transcriptome
PubMed: 31809517
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225137 -
California Medicine Sep 1954Disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (Na(2)EDTA) is a powerful anticoagulant for blood. It preserves the cellular elements of the blood better than the anticoagulants...
Disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (Na(2)EDTA) is a powerful anticoagulant for blood. It preserves the cellular elements of the blood better than the anticoagulants commonly used. It is practically atoxic and almost completely excreted. Blood preserved with the disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate is useful for transfusion after storage of three to four weeks. The addition of glucose and raffinose increases the survival time of the erythrocytes for from four to six weeks. The disodium calcium complex may be used for the preservation of whole blood. It is completely atoxic. Ethyl alcohol-saline-sugar solutions preserve erythrocytes for at least 150 days; they are excellent preservatives for the agglutinogens. Whole blood preserved with glycerin-raffinose-glucose may be frozen at -20 degrees C. for at least two months, and probably for a longer period, without excessive hemolysis after thawing.
Topics: Blood; Blood Preservation; Blood Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Freezing; Glucose; Glycerol; Hemolysis; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 13190434
DOI: No ID Found -
Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del... Mar 2017Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a life-saving treatment for several pathologies. RBCs for transfusion are stored refrigerated in a preservative solution, which... (Review)
Review
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a life-saving treatment for several pathologies. RBCs for transfusion are stored refrigerated in a preservative solution, which extends their shelf-life for up to 42 days. During storage, the RBCs endure abundant physicochemical changes, named RBC storage lesions, which affect the overall quality standard, the functional integrity and in vivo survival of the transfused RBCs. Some of the changes occurring in the early stages of the storage period (for approximately two weeks) are reversible but become irreversible later on as the storage is extended. In this review, we aim to decipher the duration of RBC storage and inflammatory marker generation. This phenomenon is included as one of the causes of transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM), an emerging concept developed to potentially elucidate numerous clinical observations that suggest that RBC transfusion is associated with increased inflammatory events or effects with clinical consequence.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Preservation; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Humans; Immunomodulation; Inflammation Mediators; Time Factors
PubMed: 28263172
DOI: 10.2450/2017.0343-16 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Feb 2022The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of fresh and stored feline red blood cells (RBCs) after passage through an 18 μm microaggregate filter.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of fresh and stored feline red blood cells (RBCs) after passage through an 18 μm microaggregate filter.
METHODS
Nine cats were recruited for a single blood donation using an open collection system. A simulated transfusion using a syringe driver and microaggregate filter was performed over 2 h with half the blood on the day of donation and the other half after 35 days of storage. Differences in haematological parameters, haemolysis percentage and osmotic fragility (OF) were compared on the day of donation pre-filter passage (D0-) vs day of donation post-filter (D0+) or day 35 storage pre-filter (D35-) and post-filter (D35+). Blood was cultured at D0+ and D35+.
RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences in the D0- vs D0+ comparisons. There were statistically significant ( <0.05) increases in haemolysis percentage, red cell distribution width (RDW) percentage and mean OF, and decreases in packed cell volume (PCV), RBC count, haemoglobin and haematocrit for D0- vs D35-. The same was found for D0- vs D35+ with the addition of a significant increase in mean cell haemoglobin (MCH). For D35- vs D35+ only MCH significantly increased. At day 35, 6/9 units had haemolysis percentages that exceeded 1%. This increased to 8/9 of stored units post-filter passage. All blood units cultured negative.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Fresh RBCs exhibited no in vitro evidence of injury following passage through an 18 μm microaggregate filter. Increased MCH was observed in the stored blood and may represent haemolysis induced by the filter. All other changes can be explained by storage lesion rather than filter passage. The findings highlight the importance of blood banking quality controls and the need for further research to assess the effects of transfusion technique, specifically filter passage, on storage lesion-affected feline blood.
Topics: Animals; Blood Preservation; Cats; Erythrocytes; Hematocrit; Hemolysis; Osmotic Fragility; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 33904795
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X211009145 -
Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del... Jul 2017Elucidating the precise mechanisms of cumulative red cell damages during storage and the potential harmful consequences after transfusion are achievable by exacting... (Review)
Review
Elucidating the precise mechanisms of cumulative red cell damages during storage and the potential harmful consequences after transfusion are achievable by exacting laboratory science and well-defined clinical studies in progress. Accordingly, for larger magnitude blood transfusions (i.e. 8-12 U in 24 hours), the quality of the stored blood and its characterisation are of special academic and clinical importance. Our main objectives in this review are to illuminate facets of the red cell storage lesion for prolonged storage (0-42 days) by concentrating on various hallmarks of the disorder: 1) identifying and characterising serial markers of the progressive lesion with respect to red cell dysmorphology, deformability, haemolytic fragility and dysfunction both in storage and the microcirculation; and 2) relevant biochemical findings of redox status correlated to oxidative stress of erythrocyte proteins. This is accomplished in part by reliance on advanced metabolomic and proteomic technologies using various sophisticated tools such as high pressure liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry of proteins and small molecule metabolites. It is anticipated that these sophisticated methodologies and the experimental results therein shall lead to further advances in the quality improvement of red cell storage.
Topics: Blood Preservation; Blood Safety; Erythrocyte Deformability; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Time Factors
PubMed: 28488957
DOI: 10.2450/2017.0312-16 -
Transfusion Jul 2012
Topics: Animals; Blood Preservation; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Male; Nitric Oxide; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 22780890
DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03748.x